Reducing Chromium Toxicity in Chinese Cabbage through Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Selenium: A Study of Plant Growth, Chromium Content, and Biochemical Parameters

Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) have been found to reduce chromium (Cr) toxicity in plants, which is important for crop production human health. However, there limited understanding of the interaction between Si Se mitigating Cr its mechanisms. This study investigated impact on Cr-treated Chinese cabbage growth, content, biochemical parameters a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that both effectively alleviate strong synergistic effect. They reduced content by 73.99% increased photosynthetic pigments 62.50% 47.51%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity 28.20 21.37%, while non-enzyme antioxidants such as proline GSH decreased 27.44 28.51%. It was observed addition under stress resulted 29.58 134.37% increase soluble protein sugar, respectively, well improved nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). suggests can improve physiological ecology cabbage, reducing effects contributing global control heavy metal pollution food crops.